\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=2m-1\left(1\right)\\x^2+y^2=m^2+2m-3\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy=m^2+2m-3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2m-1\right)^2-m^2-2m+3=2xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2xy=3m^2-6m+4\)

\(P_{min}\Leftrightarrow3m^2-6m+4\left(min\right)\)

\(3\left(m^2-2m+\dfrac{4}{3}\right)=3\left(m^2-2m+1+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)=3\left[\left(m-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{3}\right]=3\left(m-1\right)^2+1\ge1\)

\("="\Leftrightarrow m=1\)

Đáp án C

Lời giải:

\(\left\{\begin{matrix} x+y\leq 2\\ x^2+xy+y^2=3\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} (x+y)^2\leq 4\\ x^2+xy+y^2=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow (x+y)^2-(x^2+xy+y^2)\leq 1\Leftrightarrow xy\leq 1\)

Do đó:

\(t=x^2+y^2-xy=(x^2+y^2+xy)-2xy=3-2xy\geq 3-2.1=1\)

Mặt khác:

\(\frac{x^2-xy+y^2}{x^2+xy+y^2}=\frac{x^2+xy+y^2-2xy}{x^2+y^2+xy}=1-\frac{2xy}{x^2+xy+y^2}=3-(2+\frac{2xy}{x^2+xy+y^2})\)

\(=3-\frac{2(x+y)^2}{x^2+xy+y^2}=3-\frac{2(x+y)^2}{3}\leq 3\)

\(\Rightarrow t= x^2-xy+y^2\leq 3(x^2+xy+y^2)=3.3=9\)

Vậy \(t_{\min}=1\Leftrightarrow x=y=1\)

\(t_{\max}=9\Leftrightarrow (x,y)=(\sqrt{3}; -\sqrt{3})\)và hoán vị

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-y=2m-1\\x+2y=3m+2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6x-2y=4m-2\\x+2y=3m+2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}7x=7m\\y=3x-2m+1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=m\\y=m+1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác: \(x^2+y^2=2m^2+2m+1=2\left(m^2+m+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)

                 \(=2\left(m^2+2\cdot m\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)=2\left(m+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)

 Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow m+\dfrac{1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow m=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

  Vậy ...

\(M=\sqrt{3}xy+y^2=\frac{1}{2}\left(x^2+2\sqrt{3}xy+3y^2\right)-\frac{1}{2}x^2-\frac{1}{2}y^2\)

\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(x+\sqrt{3}y\right)^2-\frac{1}{2}\ge-\frac{1}{2}\).

Nên GTNN của M là \(-\frac{1}{2}\) đạt được khi  \(x=-\sqrt{3}y\Rightarrow x^2=3y^2\Rightarrow4y^2=1\Rightarrow y=\pm\frac{1}{2}\)

 +,Với \(y=\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow x=-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)

+,Với \(y=-\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow x=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)

Ta lại có:\(M=\sqrt{3}xy+y^2\le\frac{3x^2+y^2}{2}+y^2=\frac{3x^2+3y^2}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)

Nên GTLN của M là \(\frac{3}{2}\) đạt được khi \(\sqrt{3}x=y\Rightarrow3x^2=y^2\Rightarrow4x^2=1\Rightarrow x=\pm\frac{1}{2}\)

 +,Với \(x=\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow y=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)

 +,Với \(x=-\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow y=-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)

M=3xy+y2=21​(x2+23​xy+3y2)−21​x2−21​y2

=\frac{1}{2}\left(x+\sqrt{3}y\right)^2-\frac{1}{2}\ge-\frac{1}{2}=21​(x+3​y)2−21​≥−21​.

Nên GTNN của M là -\frac{1}{2}−21​ đạt được khi  x=-\sqrt{3}y\Rightarrow x^2=3y^2\Rightarrow4y^2=1\Rightarrow y=\pm\frac{1}{2}x=−3y⇒x2=3y2⇒4y2=1⇒y=±21​

 +,Với y=\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow x=-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}y=21​⇒x=−23​​

+,Với y=-\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow x=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}y=−21​⇒x=23​​

Ta lại có:M=\sqrt{3}xy+y^2\le\frac{3x^2+y^2}{2}+y^2=\frac{3x^2+3y^2}{2}=\frac{3}{2}M=3xy+y2≤23x2+y2​+y2=23x2+3y2​=23​

Nên GTLN của M là \frac{3}{2}23​ đạt được khi \sqrt{3}x=y\Rightarrow3x^2=y^2\Rightarrow4x^2=1\Rightarrow x=\pm\frac{1}{2}3x=y⇒3x2=y2⇒4x2=1⇒x=±21​

 +,Với x=\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow y=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}x=21​⇒y=23​​

 +,Với x=-\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow y=-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}x=−21​⇒y=−23​​

1) ta có : \(x^2+5y^2-4xy+2y=3\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y\right)^2=2-\left(y+1\right)^2\ge0\) \(\Leftrightarrow2\ge\left(y+1\right)^2\Leftrightarrow-\sqrt{2}\le y+1\le\sqrt{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\sqrt{2}-1\le y\le\sqrt{2}-1\)

ta lại có : \(\left(y+1\right)^2=2-\left(x-2y\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\ge\left(x-2y\right)^2\Leftrightarrow-\sqrt{2}\le x-2y\le\sqrt{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\sqrt{2}+2y\le x\le\sqrt{2}+2y\Leftrightarrow-2-3\sqrt{2}\le x\le-2+3\sqrt{2}\)

vậy \(x_{max}=-2+3\sqrt{2}\)

dâu "=" xảy ra khi \(y=\sqrt{2}-1\)

câu 3 : ta có : \(x^2+2y^2+2xy+7x+7y+10=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y^2=-\left(x+y\right)^2-7\left(x+y\right)-10\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-5\le x+y\le-2\)

\(\Rightarrow S_{max}=-2\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y^2=0\\x+y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow y=0;x=-2\)

\(S_{min}=-5\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y^2=0\\x+y=-5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow y=0;x=-5\)

bài này có trong đề thi hsg trường mk :)

câu 2 này là câu tổ hợp của câu 1 và câu 3 thôi .

a) ta có : \(3x^2+y^2+2xy+4=7x+3y\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x-1\right)^2=-\left(x+y\right)^2+3\left(x+y\right)-2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1\le x+y\le2\)

\(\Rightarrow P_{max}=2\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\x+y=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(P_{min}=1\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\x+y=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) ta có : \(3x^2+y^2+2xy+4=7x+3y\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2-3\left(x+y\right)+\dfrac{9}{4}=-2x^2+4x-\dfrac{7}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4-\sqrt{2}}{4}\le x\le\dfrac{4+\sqrt{2}}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow\) GTNN của \(x\) là \(\dfrac{4-\sqrt{2}}{4}\) dâu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{4-\sqrt{2}}{4}\\x+y=\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{4-\sqrt{2}}{4}\\y=\dfrac{2+\sqrt{2}}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{4+\sqrt{2}}{4}\\y=\dfrac{2-\sqrt{2}}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

mk nghỉ đề này không phải của lớp 8 đâu phải không :)